During the operation, the transplanted kidney is placed just above the groin, either on the right or left side. The artery of the new kidney is connected to a large artery in the lower abdomen that carries blood to the leg, and the vein is connected to a large vein that returns blood from the leg. The urinary tract is then connected to the bladder. Under suitable conditions, this surgery takes an average of 2 to 4 hours.

Like every surgical procedure, kidney transplantation also carries certain risks. However, with the advancement of modern medical technology and surgical techniques, these risks have been significantly reduced, and the rate of serious complications is around 1–2%.

Cases Requiring Removal of the Patient’s Own Kidneys

In kidney transplantation, the recipient’s own kidneys are not usually removed unless there is a medical necessity. However, removal may be required in the following cases:

• Uncontrolled hypertension (due to renal artery stenosis)
• Kidney infections or abscesses resistant to treatment
• Severe vesicoureteral reflux (urine flowing backwards from the bladder to the kidney)
• Large kidney cysts caused by polycystic kidney disease

This surgical procedure is planned by the transplantation team and may be performed before or simultaneously with the transplant surgery.

Postoperative Recovery

The average hospital stay following kidney transplantation is approximately one week under normal conditions. This period may be extended depending on the patient’s recovery process and medical follow-up needs.